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Monday, August 31, 2015

Savage 110 trigger job by Swamprat

I want to start this by saying I am not a gunsmith.  This is the first time I ever worked on a Savage trigger.  Don't take this as a how to on anything.  This is what I did.  Work on your own guns at your own risk.


I got the Timney Trigger for the Savage 110 338 today. It was a simple fix, pop out an e-clip and pin, remove the old one, install the new one, reinstall the pin and e-clip and adjust. I wound up with about a 4 lb. trigger and a safety that works. I really like the Timney Trigger, it has a completely different spring configuration than the Savage. I want to get one for the little Stevens 200.

The old trigger had a long pin-like spring held in place by a retaining nut on one end, a small protrusion in middle of the trigger and a bigger one on the back.  It was held in place by tension.  A screw in the center of the trigger adjusted the tension.








The Timney Trigger has a coil spring that fits in the hole above the trigger pull adjustment screw. It is a lot more adjustable and works a lot better.  You lose the retaining nut and old spring.



The new trigger came with an e-clip and spring and complete instructions.  Here it is in the rifle.


The whole process took 20 minutes or less.  The front screw adjusts the sear engagement.  The one directly behind the trigger is trigger pull, the next on adjusts the safety and the last one is over travel.  It's pretty simple.  If I adjusted lower than 4 lb. I could bounce the recoil pad off the floor and trip the firing pin with the safety off.  It would hold on safe or the middle setting on the safety where you can still work the bolt without fail.  But if you dropped it with the safety off it could possibly fire.  No problem set at 4 lbs. or above.  Not sure if that's normal or if I need a new safety and safety spring,  I may try that just to see.  But 4 lbs is ok for a hunting rifle, at least I think so.

Swamprat


Friday, August 28, 2015

Check your Safety!!

Before hunting season starts,PLEASE, check your firearms.  I got my old 338 Win Mag out  the other day.  Bill has used it for years and I have hunted with it too.  Never gave much thought to it not working properly, it always has.  I decided to check the trigger and safety.  I pulled the trigger with the safety on, it moved a little too much, I pulled harder  and heard and felt the click.  Uh Oh!!  Then I tried it again, not pulling quite so hard this time and it held.  Then I moved the safety foward to off and the firing pin dropped again.  This aint good!

Savage says we are not supposed to adjust the safety screw on 110's.  This one has never been adjusted, neither had the trigger.  The jisem on the screws was still there.  I scrapped it off and adjusted it so the rifle won't fire on safe, that's a good thing, but if I bump it real hard on the butt pad on fire it will.  There is a lot of slack in that trigger and I am replacing it and possibly the safety also.  I ordered a Timney Trigger for it and am waiting to see what comes with it and how it all works.  I'm not going to tear it down until I get the new trigger.  I'll decide then what else I need. I may be able to adjust it all more but I have been wanting to try the new Timney Savage Trigger anyway.  I figure now is the time.

After that I pulled everything out of the safe and did a safety check on them all.  That's a good idea for us all.  Just Saying.  When I get started on this one, I'll update with pictures.  I may need some help.

Swamprat

Thursday, August 27, 2015

Range time

I finally got the chance to fine-tune my Ruger #1B after replacing the old scope with the new Redfield Revenge 6X18. This was also a good opportunity to finish testing the new load I had been trying when the old scope died. Once I had sighted in the scope with another load, I settled in for serious work with the new one. Imagine my surprise when the first 3 made what looked through the scope to be a single hole. Taking a deep breath, I fired number 4...same result. Now we all know that we should always quit while we are ahead, but I sat back, relaxed and thought pure thoughts. Must not have been enough since, as everyone knows, there is always the shot that brings you back to earth.


Guess those things happen to keep us humble. Obviously this load deserves serious investigation.

SSL

The Old Man's Stand



The old man and his grandson slipped quietly through the dense brush at the edge of the woods. In the near total darkness of the early hour they navigated by habit borne of long familiarity; moving slowly and with frequent stops to listen intently to the sighing of the breeze and muted nighttime voices of the woods, towards the well-used deer stand by the creek bed. This particular stand location had been carefully chosen by the old man nearly thirty years before and had never failed to produce a deer. Consisting of a wild growth of brush growing to the edge of a steep drop-off to the creek itself, it was faced with a rocky outcropping that formed a natural rest for a rifle while concealing the shooter. All that was required was an annual trimming of new growth to maintain a quiet zone to hide within.

The overlook provided a mostly unrestricted view of the creek bed for a distance of a little under one hundred and fifty yards to the right and roughly two hundred yards to the left. Deer trails spider-webbed the area leading both to and from a cornfield a quarter of a mile away. A small brushy meadow across the creek and slightly to the left opened the woods and provided a convenient bedding place. The terrain and confluence of food, water and a safe bedding area proved appealing to does and their fawns all year long. This plentitude of does also provided an irresistible lure for cruising bucks during the fall rut. The attraction was so strong that the old man had always restrained from hunting from this blind unless there was no luck to be had elsewhere. The certainty of harvesting a good buck at this spot made it too easy, so until recent years it was not used until late in the season…and then only if other locations or methods failed to produce.

The old man’s health and stamina had gone into a drastic decline of late as years and tragedy both took their terrible toll. No longer could he tirelessly still-hunt for hours and miles on end as he once had. In recent years he had taken to coming to this spot even on the first day of the season. Here he might spend several days just quietly watching and enjoying the deer moving about and conducting their activities. Only during the last days of the season would he select a specific buck to take. In this manner he was able to continue to experience some of the old thrill of the hunt without dangerously exerting himself. It wasn’t that he would have minded dying in the woods; on the contrary, since the loss of his beloved wife a few years before and with little left to hold him, he could think of no better way to pass on than in the woods doing what he loved to do his entire life. What held him back was both knowing that his wife would not have approved of him deliberately taking senseless chances and a task that he had vowed for himself that had now come to fruition…the training of his only grandchild in the ways of the outdoors and true hunter. Over the last year, however, a peculiar heaviness seemed to have come to rest on his chest, with breath coming short and his legs always seeming to be tired; a fact he refused to share with anyone.

As they reached the stand, both stopped to breathe in the scent of the creek and surrounding woods. The rich, loamy fragrance of the damp soil blended with the warmly acrid aroma of the oaks and the sharp, clean scent of pines. The chuckling of the creek, water still too warm to have grown an icy cover despite the blanket of fresh snow, as it danced over the shoals and rocks was soothing and familiar. There was no stench of gasoline fumes or sounds of traffic and people. There were only the sounds of nature with its own fragrances. This was their comfort zone and retreat from daily life. Over the last few years the boy had come to learn to spend the bulk of each year looking forward to this time and place. For the old man it had become the only noteworthy landmark left in his life.

The boy was the son of the old man’s only child, a daughter. Though growing up loving to shoot, she had not inherited her father’s passion for the hunt. Wise enough to know not to press the issue, the old man had taught her all he knew about shooting and spent countless hours enjoying her company while just plinking at tin cans and targets. As she grew older, married and moved away, their times together became fewer as college, followed by her responsibilities as a career woman, wife and eventually mother, took up her time. Though a very good man and provider, her husband had little interest in the outdoors beyond golf, and distance had prevented as much association with his grandson as he would have liked. Upon the death of her mother, his daughter had detected the old man’s rapid decline. The devastated figure in the ill-fitting new black suit sitting at her mother’s funeral bore little resemblance to the strong confident man she had always depended on to fix anything or solve any problem. She quickly decided that her son should spend a couple of weeks each year with his grandfather in addition to the periodic family visits. She felt that it would benefit both; the boy was beginning to adopt bad habits and starting to make equally bad choices and her father needed a goal upon which to focus and look forward to for his own well-being. For the old man it was a lifeline thrown to him that involved a single simple decision; since the boy had early on expressed a desire to learn to hunt, it was quickly decided that those two weeks should fall within hunting season so he could properly teach the boy the skills necessary to enjoy hunting in a safe and ethical manner.

Moving carefully, the boy laid his rifle on a small bed of exposed moss and silently shrugged out of his daypack. Gently feeling around on the ground, he cautiously cleared the snow from the area and made sure that no leaves or twigs were lurking in wait for a careless foot to fall on them and create a noise at the wrong moment. Seating himself on a low folding stool he had carried in, he quietly opened the pack, rummaged through the various objects within and extracted an old, dented green thermos. The old man grinned fondly at the sight of that old thermos, a battered and faithful friend of countless hunts and stands. Stretching out on a weather-beaten and torn old Army sleeping bag folded on the ground, with his back against a comfortable oak stump whose massive roots rose from the ground like the friendly arms of a favorite easy-chair and his legs contentedly aslant downhill, he watched the boy pour two small tin cups of the scalding hot coffee, handing the old man one and blowing softly into his own as the steam wafted on the vagrant breeze.

The first of those two-week periods had been the year following his wife’s death. Still mourning and bitter with no direction left, the old man had hated everyone and everything. Despite his daughter’s gentle scolding on their frequent visits, he was neglecting his house as well as himself in the rage and grief of his loss. Totally purposeless without his wife, he was in sore need of a distraction and reason to continue to function. The arrival of the then fourteen-year-old boy partially filled that void and brought light as well as a purpose back into his house. The boy’s hunting education soon began in earnest with a comprehensive instruction on firearms basics, shooting and safety. Towards the end of that visit they tirelessly roamed the creeks and ridges with the old man’s aging beagle Spud, hunting squirrels and rabbits with .22 rifles. Evenings, the old man served up savory dinners of pan-fried squirrel or rabbit, potatoes and gravy to the proud boy. The seed of the pride of accomplishment had been planted and, with the proper nurturing, would continue to grow straight and strong as the years progressed.

The cold measurably sharpened as the sun started sending out tentative, creeping fingers of light to brighten the eastern sky. The woods slowly, grudgingly, began to awaken with the chirping of the birds and the sharp angry chatter of the occasional squirrel. A sudden rustling in the brush revealed a fat raccoon contentedly ambling back to its den after a successful night of foraging; his fat rump waggling like that of a plump old char-woman headed home from her labors. A distant murder of crows decided to noisily greet the new day with their harsh cacophony of calls shredding the still of the morning. The boy sneaked a peek at his watch, nodded to his grandfather and cautiously picked up his rifle. Moving carefully and with great deliberation, he managed to load the old Savage with barely a hint of noise. The old man looked on fondly as the boy performed the functions with skill that spoke well of both his training and commitment. There was a certain pride in his eye that the boy, when he had found that his grandfather wouldn’t be shooting today, had asked to use the old man’s favorite rifle, an old weather and care-beaten Model 99, .300 Savage rather than the shiny new, scoped 7mm/08 Remington that he had given the boy last year. Touched by the request, he had happily agreed.

The second year had found the boy and the old man spending virtually every daylight hour examining trails and tracks. The boy learned to identify the maker of each track and their habits. He soon learned to locate those wispy “buck” trails that usually paralleled the more common game trails frequented by does and fawns and to estimate the size and dominance-standing of the makers of rubs and scrapes. Long days tracking, trailing and learning hardened the boy physically and mentally. Tired enough to fall asleep over dinner each evening, he would yet be up at dawn and be ready to start each new day. An introduction to quail hunting kept spice in the routine while adding a delicious change to their diet of the previous year. That was the year that he sat for several days where the old man now reclined; eagerly observing deer drift in and out of the meadow and finally watched his grandfather drop a nice 8-point with a single shot. The inglorious mess of field dressing and subsequent care of the meat and hide were a revelation to the boy, but he attacked and learned each in its turn. The old man continued to heal, though the pain was yet a constant dull ache and he still often awoke at night crying out his despair and loss.

Placing the rifle carefully on “Safe”, the boy slowly positioned it so that he could easily reach it with a minimum amount of movement and noise. Carefully looking around, he noted the position of each trail and mentally reviewed his mind’s chart of the distances to each. Glancing at the sky he realized that an impending threat of further snow seemed to have developed with the dawn. Heavy gray clouds, pregnant with moisture, were drifting on the horizon. He grinned to himself; it had snowed most of the night before and he loved hunting in fresh snow where each and every track was new. There was also a good chance that the threat of new snow would keep the deer moving until later in the day than normal.

The third year’s visit was the successful culmination of the work of the first two. All plans and energy were directed at deer season. Nearly tearing up with pride, the 16 year old had happily received his grandfather’s early Christmas gift of the new Remington. Hours and hours of scouting, lots of shooting of the new rifle, countless strategies discussed and plans made right up to opening day. The boy managed to shoot his first deer that year, a fat fork-horn, under the careful eye and guidance of the old man. The boy needed little help dressing or dragging the young buck out of the woods and was as proud as if it had been a new state record. The old man had insisted on having the head mounted for him and it still hung in the boy’s room with the understanding tolerance of his parents. That was also the year that old Spud died. The boy had campaigned strongly for the old man to get a puppy to keep him company. Even though the old man really missed the old mutt, he was still stalling, saying that he didn’t have the energy to train a new dog; while actually unwilling to acknowledge the silent thought that it was unfair to a new pup to very likely leave it without a master.

The boy suddenly stiffened slightly as he caught a glimpse of furtive movement in the brush across the creek. Stepping daintily through the new snow, a big doe and two yearlings slowly emerged and cautiously headed for the creek to drink. Having quenched their thirst, they moved gradually towards the bedding ground in the meadow, stopping briefly here and there for a mouthful of succulent graze that still peeked through the snow cover while nervously watching for any signs of danger. They hadn’t even bedded down before another and then another doe arrived until it seemed that there was a steady stream of deer coming out of the woods. Interspersed with the does were a few spikes and a couple of fork horns, but the big bucks appeared to be hanging back yet. The boy relaxed and returned to watching the does. Just like the years before, the bucks would come in their own time. He turned and grinned at the old man. He would wait.

The old man watched it all with a proud eye. How the boy’s grandmother would have loved to see him now. And how much he wished that the boy had the opportunity to know his grandmother better. Thoughts of his wife had lost much of their bitter sting to be replaced with an illusionary sense of seeing her influence in all of the places so familiar to him. Memories that used to leave him devastated were warm comfort now, but there still were times he felt that he could almost see her standing just at the edge of his vision, almost as though if he could turn just fast enough, at the right time, he would catch her standing there with her gentle loving smile. He could still clearly remember her cheerful scolding that day in their kitchen about his habit of leaving gun parts on the kitchen table. As he passed her he had patted her fondly on the bottom. She had spun around in mock outrage, smiling and a spoon raised to swat, when he saw the sudden look of confusion cross her face and the light quickly fade forever from her lovely hazel eyes as she slumped to the floor. The doctors had all assured him that it had been fast and completely painless; that she had been gone before she even collapsed. He was infinitely glad that it had been quick and without suffering, but forever regretted that he had not been given time to say all the things that he wanted to say, should have said, needed to say; the things she had always deserved to hear but he had seldom voiced. He had finally come to terms with his grief and thrown his efforts and love into his time with the boy. There was no lessening of his sense of loss…only a softening of the devastating emotional pain that had been attenuated by his desire to teach his grandson. Once the worst of his grief had passed, his lasting tribute to her memory was to keep the house religiously cleaned, as she would have, and to keep everything exactly the way she had left it. But to this day, the overwhelming memories made him unable to sleep in the big four-poster they had shared contentedly over so many years, choosing instead to sleep in what had been their small guestroom.

A faint bristling charge suddenly seemed to fill the air, like that of the feeling just before an impending electrical storm. Becoming aware of the change, the boy slowly straightened on his stool and quietly reached for his rifle. Watching the slopes carefully, he could see nothing moving yet, but instinctively he knew without doubt or question that the time had finally come. Ever so slowly a dim shape materialized in the brush. Like a skilled magician’s illusion, the shape slowly took form as a massive buck strode to the clearing. Gazing regally around the edges of the meadow, he took in the does and younger bucks at a glance. His arrival was a primordial signal for the young bucks to scamper into the brush leaving the big buck the sole and undisputed ruler of all he could see. The old man’s eyes widened at the sheer mass and width of the buck’s rack, though neither he nor the boy took the time to count points. Without speaking, both knew that this was The One.

The boy slowly raised his rifle and struggled to bring the sights to bear firmly behind the buck’s shoulder. A faint tremor increased as he fought to steady the dancing sights on his target. Suddenly the old man whispered the first words spoken between them since entering the woods, “Relax, take a breath and squeeze.” The sound of his grandfather’s voice, so quiet as to almost seem like a thought in his head, calmed the boy enough for him to remember the basics. Allowing the rifle to gently settle into his shoulder, he let the sights slowly drift across his target as he smoothly began his trigger squeeze. Just as the sights crossed the big buck’s shoulder the old Savage spoke with authority. As if hit by a bolt of lightning, the buck leaped high into the air, staggered once and collapsed in his tracks. The spent brass case spiraled high, spinning and winking in the sunlight to clink musically on the rocks as the boy instantly levered another cartridge into place and waited expectantly. The bedded does had vanished like noisy ghosts at the sound of the shot, crashing through the brush in a desperate escape, but the buck made no further movement.
Looking over at his grandfather, the boy grinned and said “Thanks.”

“It was your shot to make or miss. You made it. Damned nice shooting. You go on over there and take care of him,” said the old man. “Think I’ll just wait here. Don’t believe my legs are quite up to that climb down and back up again today. ‘Sides,” he grinned, “He’s your buck. You shot him, now you get to do all the work.”

The boy laughed and nodded his head. Thumbing his rifle to “Safe”, he dropped lightly over the edge of the ledge and started sliding easily down the steep slope.

The old man smiled sadly to himself, “I remember when I used to be able to do that. Been a spell.”

He watched as the lanky boy forded the creek on the massive old fallen oak trunk that served as a bridge from bank to bank and cautiously approached his buck. Nodding in satisfaction, he fumbled in his jacket pocket for his battered old briar pipe as he saw the boy, now certain that his buck was down for good, carefully clear his rifle of cartridges and set it safely against a sapling. The old man watched as the boy made a leap into the air almost as high as the one the buck had made.

“He’s a 10-pointer, Grandpa!” he shouted, the sound of his voice echoing down the creek and across the clearing.

The old man waved back and made a half-salute with his pipe stem. Contentedly, he finished tamping the tobacco in the bowl, expertly cracked a kitchen match with his thumbnail and touched the flame to the pipe until it was drawing smoothly and to his satisfaction. Leaning back again, he watched the boy work as he enjoyed his smoke.

Finally he could come to this place without the brutal heart pangs it used to bring. The old man and his wife had often walked the little trail farther down the creek in the spring to look for mushrooms and wild flowers or nuts and berries in the fall. He seldom returned with mushrooms or nuts, but his wife always could find flowers or berries for the table and carried them home in her little blue wicker basket. He invariably grumped that he only went on those walks because she wanted him to, but neither was fooled. Despite his rough manner he had loved his wife deeply and had always enjoyed time they spent together no matter the activity. Their walks along the trail usually ended with a sandwich picnic under a massive oak on a little bed of soft green moss delicately trimmed with ferns that shyly crept to the edge of the stream. Those were joyous days of laughter, conversation, plans and love drawn indelibly in the soft gold, green and purple shadows of memory. They had always considered this their private place, secret and distant from the rest of the world, and it had held a special meaning for both.

The boy carefully unloaded his rifle and propped it securely against a bush. He then expertly rolled the massive buck onto its back and drew his knife to begin the task at hand. Having been well taught, he soon made short work of the field-dressing chore and slinging his rifle securely to his back began dragging the buck back uphill to the stand. Crossing the log spanning the creek while dragging the buck was a bit tricky but the boy made it and soon reached the side of the stand. Stepping around the edge of the rocky ledge he smelled the rich aroma of the pipe smoke and grinned.

“Mom would be furious and giving you one of her famous lectures for that right about now!” he laughed as he rounded the ledge.

The old man looked impossibly tiny, slumped over with the pipe lying on his chest and smoke still gently drifting from the bowl. On his face was a look of amused bewilderment and acceptance. The overriding impression was one of deep and utter peace. Instantly the boy knew that his grandfather was no longer with him; that he was gone, past cares, pain or sorrows. Gently laying the old man’s rifle on the ledge, he removed the old battered pipe from the man’s chest, carefully checked the side of his neck for any signs of life and then eased the once powerful body to the ground. Kneeling as if in prayer over his grandfather’s still form, he slowly leaned forward and kissed him gently on the forehead while a thousand thoughts and memories flooded over him.

 “I’m sorry I never told you before Grandpa, but I love you” he murmured as the tears began running unashamedly down his cheeks. “I hope you knew. Be sure to kiss Grandma for me.”

Tenderly covering the old man’s tired face with his ancient battered hat, the boy stood and looked around to see if there was anything else he should do before heading back to the road and his cell phone to call for help. As he started uphill he noticed the snowstorm that had been threatening all morning was beginning to close in with fat, wet flakes drifting gently down.
“Guess I’d better hurry. That storm looks like it could mean business,” he muttered as he set a hunter’s practiced, long-legged pace up the slope toward the road and waiting pickup.

Maybe, just maybe, had he looked a little closer and strained his eyes real hard before he started up that hill he might have barely made out a faint shape in the distance, no more than a vague fleeting shadow, a wavering outline only slightly darker than the brush, trudging slowly along the little creek bed trail into the face of the oncoming storm. Dimly seen through the snowflakes that were beginning to fall, the figure seemed to stand a little taller, straighter and gain in strength and purpose with each additional step. Just before the snowflakes finally closed in like a curtain falling on a stage to conceal the figure from view, the boy might have also seen a second much slighter shape emerge smiling from the edge of the brush and stand quietly poised, a little blue wicker basket dangling from one hand, the other held out in tender welcome. As the first form drew abreast, it gently took the extended hand of the one waiting. Together they continued side-by-side, step-by-step and hand-in-hand under a massive old oak and through a little bed of soft green moss delicately trimmed with ferns that shyly crept to the edge of the stream, and into the storm until the falling snowflakes hid them forever from sight, leaving behind nothing…nothing at all.

 SSL

Tuesday, August 25, 2015

SHOT BETWEEN THE EYES by BEN "REDNECK GENIUS" BAKER

Shot between the eyes - a true story
Ben "Redneck Genius" Baker



Walrus, who lost his mind and moved back to California, was down for the weekend to hunt. Finding deer proved to be as fruitful as usual. Hogs were also noticeably absent.

So, we decided to holler up some varmints on the family farm.

First set, nothing. So we moved to another farm and set up on the road side of a central pivot at the center point. Five minutes into a distressed rabbit and we have eyeballs shining back at about 100-125 yards at the edge of the woods.

Walrus lifts his .223 lever action and draws a bead on the eyeballs. I'm standing on the other side of his truck. He is facing away from me. This is important. Some 4 yards and a 4x4 separate us and he facing away from me. Remember this.

BLAM!

Something hits me an inch high and just barely to the side of between the eyes.

I've been shot. Literally shot. In the head, between the eyes.

"Ya missed," I say.

"You sure?" he asks.

"Positive. Now come here and see if I'm bleeding."

"What?"

"You shot me."

Expletives deleted for the easily offended.

Walrus' crosshairs may have been centered for a 125 yard shot (the jury is out on that one as he once missed a bobcat at 30 feet). The line of flight for the bullet coming out of the barrel at 3 yards was a bit low.

So low that it hit angle-on, a piece of the angle iron frame of the pivot hub. The bullet broke apart, sending fragments everywhere, including one between my eyes. The initial impact was three yards away from the barrel and fragments bounced back 7 yards to catch me in the head.

The dent in the angle iron is still there for anyone who wants to see it.

Lots of people will tell you they can still see the dent in my forehead and this explains a lot.

Thoughts on the Home Defense Weapon



Home defense often plays a large role in the minds of firearms enthusiasts. In many cases the weapon of choice is whatever is handy or already in the gun rack. For those who prefer a dedicated weapon for this purpose, quite a bit of serious thought needs to go into the selection process.

Before proceeding with the weapons themselves, it is necessary to examine the mind-set of the person involved with this decision. Though the instinct to protect a person's family, loved ones and property is ingrained and admirable, personal protection or home defense is not a game. It is a deadly serious activity that requires ongoing dedication to practice and technique as well as severe soul-searching. Anyone who yearns for a chance to exhibit his or her skills on an intruder is a dangerously disturbed individual that should likely be denied a firearm and perhaps even removed from the company of sane society. Being involved in a situation where you are required to make that decision whether to shoot or not takes something from you that you can never get back; you will forever be set apart from the rest of society. If that decision results in the wounding or especially death of another human being, the remainder of your life will be spent wondering "What if…?", even if the action is proved completely justified.

No matter the circumstances, the shooting of an intruder or other assailant will result in certain members of the general public and press demonizing you as a heartless, dangerous individual. Many of your formerly friendly neighbors, and perhaps even some family members, will suddenly view you as a questionable and distasteful addition to the community. You will be the focus of intense scrutiny, your every word on the subject will be parsed, and every action will be analyzed and graded. Your life becomes an open book for conjecture and spurious claims.

Please understand; the above is not intended as a condemnation of anyone who utilizes a firearm in self-defense or home protection. It is meant only to bring home the gravity and responsibilities of such an action. As stated before: This is not a game. Now we can move on:

Weapons of Choice

Anyone who knows me is sure to be startled to find that my first recommendation in home defense weapons for the average homeowner is not a handgun, but rather a shotgun. Hardly the best choice if that weapon is also to be carried outside the home, but there is nothing more intimidating or devastating than a shotgun at close quarters, and they take far less dedicated training and practice to shoot well than a handgun. Any shotgun style is acceptable, but if choosing a repeater specifically for defense, the pump stands head and shoulders above the rest. By the nature of its design, the semi-auto shotgun is prone to malfunction if enough resistance isn't exerted against the butt at the time of firing. This situation can easily be caused by awkward or unconventional firing positions that may need to be taken in the course of remaining under cover. The lack of substantial resistance can, and will, cause the auto to "short-cycle” leaving the weapon jammed at the most critical times. Pumps can also be "short-stroked" causing the same type of problem, but this can be minimized or eliminated by practice (more on this later). The intimidation factor with a pump is not to be overlooked. It takes an uncommonly determined intruder to continue the advance after hearing the distinctively unmistakable  “KA-CHUNK…CHUNK!” of a pump shotgun being cycled.

 


In size contrast to the full-sized 1911 on the right, the Ruger LC9 carries 7 + 1 9mm
 rounds in a package a fraction the size of nearly any other sub-compact and has a number of passive safety features.





 
 Text Box: The Glock is a favorite on both sides of the law. Though quite large in most models, its ease of use and lack of need for intensive training make it a popular choice for home defense too. 
Semi-automatic pistols are a popular choice for many, but some shooters are intimidated by the thought of that slide "slamming" back at them under recoil. These firearms can occasionally be picky as to ammo and can also suffer the same "short" cycling (for much the same reason) as the semi-auto shotgun. Absolute cleanliness, complete break-in and top-notch ammo are all essential for proper performance. On the positive side, autos are much faster to reload and usually have higher capacities than revolvers. Autos can be had in single-action (hammer must be cocked for the initial shot, then is cocked by the cycling of the slide for each subsequent shot), double-action (hammer is cocked by the trigger pull for first shot and by the slide for each subsequent shot...trigger pull changes from first to following shots), “double-action only” (DAO) requiring the trigger to compress and release the hammer (or striker) spring for each shot (with the accompanying heavier trigger pull) and the famous Glock-type system (striker is semi-compressed until each pull of the trigger...trigger pull is  reasonably light and unchanged from shot to shot).

Revolvers eliminate most of the so-called reliability problems of the autos, but at a cost. The vast majority of revolvers only hold 6 (and some compacts only 5) rounds and are notoriously slow to reload...even with speed loaders. Trigger pulls (in double-action mode) are usually much heavier than a comparable auto (single-action style) and most weigh considerably more. Revolvers come in three modes.... double-action (fire by pulling trigger only or by manually cocking hammer and pulling trigger), double-action-only (cocks and fires by pulling the trigger only), and single-action (must manually cock hammer for each shot). The choice between double-action and double-action-only is a matter of personal style and taste. The single-action is best reserved for target work or hunting, but will certainly serve in a pinch for defensive situations. As with most things, it would be far better than nothing at all.

Thought should also be given to securing the weapon from family members that shouldn’t have access. Children are naturally curious and can be relied upon to find things they shouldn’t. Past a certain age, mere familiarity can have the effect of keeping them from handling a firearm unless supervised. This all depends on the child. Making sure that the weapon is secure from children but keeping it readily accessible in case of emergency can be quite a feat. One thought is to choose something similar to Ruger’s LC9, a weapon that can be safely left loaded with a round in the chamber, but requires the magazine to be inserted before it can be fired. Keeping firearm and magazines in different, but easily adult-accessible, places will make it harder for a child to get into trouble.

Sights and Accessories

Extremely good, high definition sights are always a necessity. The best are of low profile without sharp edges to catch on clothing. The low profile actually assists in aim since sights sit closer to the plane of the bore and are easier to align quickly. Visibility under low light conditions can be addressed with tritium sight inserts...with one condition: Households with children or multiple residents make target identification critical! Children have the disconcerting habit of appearing by the bedside or in the doorway in the wee hours. Shooting at a shadowy figure, even with tritium sights, could create a tragedy. A better idea for these households would be a "combat" or "tactical" style flashlight. Many of these are meant to be attached directly to the firearm and their blinding intensity can also assist in disorienting an adversary. The intense flood of light provides you with a tactical advantage as well as insures that you are indeed confronting an intruder rather than a 3 year old whose bad dreams just became your worst nightmare.

Laser and "red dot" sights are of limited to no practical use in a defensive situation. They each require batteries, have to be turned on to use, provide no target illumination and are, like anything mechanical or electrical, subject to failure at the worst possible time.

Though often touted as being the miracle cure for recoil, the defense weapon (especially a handgun) should never be ported. Besides being unbearably loud, porting causes a ball of flaming gas to escape directly into the line of sight upon firing. This flame is guaranteed to ruin what little night vision you may have and make any follow-up shots more guess than aim. Another hazard of porting occurs when shooting in the "protected" position (weak hand warding off attacker - strong hand firing weapon while held close in to the body) as the escaping gas shoots upwards directly into your face. If you are wearing glasses, this exiting gas can strip them right off of your face!

Pay close attention to the grips on a handgun. Choose them based on their ability to let you acquire the weapon in the same manner every time. Well thought-out and designed grips can be of assistance in enhancing the "point-ability" of a handgun. If the factory grips are not acceptable, replace them with any of the multitude of after-market grips that meet your criteria. Make the conscious effort to find those that fit you perfectly…not just those that are “pretty”.

Caliber Choice

Sorry, you're not going to catch me out on this one. The only qualification is choosing a caliber that allows you to hit your target...first time and every time! A .22 LR is normally considered a poor choice for a defensive caliber, but a .22-caliber bullet that hits center mass is far more effective than a .44 Magnum that only superficially wounds an assailant or misses entirely. If you can't hit with your choice it is of no value to you. I am acquainted with a lady who consistently carries an old Iver Johnson .22 LR auto for defense. She has proved time and again her ability to place every shot in the magazine into an area the size of a grapefruit at 20 feet. Who is to tell her that her choice is unacceptable? Whatever caliber you choose, pick premium ammunition that functions perfectly in your particular firearm. This can only be determined by firing a sufficient quantity of your chosen ammo to prove that it works flawlessly (many experts recommend at least 500 rounds without failure to prove this). Such ammunition can be costly, but what value do you put on your life and the life of loved ones?

The only cartridge that I categorically reject as having any use in any situation other than as a noisemaker is the .25 ACP. This round is a bad ballistic joke and is nearly guaranteed to get you into trouble. This cartridge generates a mere 73 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle.... in marked contrast to even the .22 LR, which generates a minimum of 140 fpe with any high velocity load. Making the .25 Auto even more useless is the hardball design of the bullet that refuses to expand under any circumstances. Countless recorded incidents relate instances where persons have tried to commit suicide with .25 ACPs and failed...even when placing the muzzle directly against their temples. The old saw goes “If you have a .25, don’t carry it. If you carry it, don’t use it. If you use it, don’t hit anybody because it’s just going to make them mad…and then you are really in trouble!”

On the other side of the coin are the calibers that are just too overwhelmingly powerful for meaningful defense use. Calibers such as the .41 and .44 Magnums (in full-house loadings), .454 Casull, .500 S&W and etc. are much too potent, generate far too much recoil and vastly increase the probability of over-penetration with its attendant risk of innocent injury. Bullets sailing through sheetrock walls into the next room or an adjacent apartment could cause more problems than they were meant to solve. .44 Specials can be fired in .44 Magnum revolvers and make good defensive rounds, but due to the general bulk of these revolvers this isn't an optimal choice.

My personal home-defense handgun is a .45 ACP Commander-sized 1911 that has been tuned for absolutely reliable functioning, equipped with tritium sights and no other "bells and whistles". For concealed occasions, where it is legal for me to do so, I carry a Kahr CW45 (.45 ACP). My wife, until lately, struggled with building her confidence and competency level with my various .45s, but finally switched to her own choice of a Smith and Wesson Model 64 (.38 Special) with which she is deadly. I opt for 200-grain Speer Gold Dot ammo and my wife uses Hornady’s Critical Defense ammunition for protection as a result of their enhanced performance and reliability. What works best for others is only determined by test and practice. Speer's Gold Dot, Hornady’s TAP or Critical Defense series, Corbon, Mag Tech and others make reliable ammunition that may be best in your personal firearm.

Hardball rounds are a poor choice of bullet configuration but many "stock" autos refuse to reliably feed other nose shapes. Test bullet configurations to insure absolutely reliable functioning. In revolvers, the old Glaser Safety Slugs usually perform well and have the additional advantage of not penetrating walls and doors. Do be aware if using Glasers that heavy winter clothing has been known to defeat them. Many revolver shooters use Glasers as the first 2 or 3 rounds followed by more conventional ammunition to give more penetration as insurance for just this type of situation. Again, Hornady Critical Defense ammunition is designed to overcome these shortcomings and provide both penetration and expansion.

 In shotguns, anything from 20-gauge on up is a good choice. The diminutive 28-gauge and .410 are better than nothing, but leave a lot to be desired in payload delivered. Ammunition for the shotgun should never be the famous 00 buckshot of legend. The penetration factor of these 9 (in standard 12-gauge loads) .31-caliber pellets easily overcomes the sheetrock walls and hollow-core doors of today's houses to endanger family members or even adjacent apartment dwellers. BB, #2 or even #4 shot penetrates far less and is much easier to explain in court if necessary. (We will discuss "lawyer-proofing" later). Personal preference for me would run to #4 shot with a 1 ¼ to 1 ½ ounce load. At house-protection range, such a load offers devastating performance without over-penetration of walls and doors. Whatever the load used, remember that the actual spread is only a matter of inches at defense distances. Practice to determine the point of impact and the spread distance.
A new option on the market is the new Taurus “Judge” revolver. This 5-shot double action revolver is unique in that it can chamber either .45 Colt (“Long Colt”) or 3” /410 shells. Using 00 buck in .410 shells, patterning seems to be about 1 to 1 1/2 feet at fifteen feet distance. Energy is roughly double that of a single .45 ACP round. Loaded with alternating .410 and .45 Colt rounds, a defender would have a very potent tool at hand! The downfall of this revolver is its size. Heavy and bulky, with a rather miserable trigger, it makes a serious handful and might prove far too unwieldy in many situations.

Practice

Frequent practice with your chosen defense weapon is mandatory. Practice should always take place with a plan in mind and each shot fired as if it was the only shot you will get...someday it may be. A practice session should consist of shooting from various positions and distances without any warm-up ritual…just like in real life. It should seldom take place further from the target than 30 feet. Any intruder much further away than 30 feet is seldom a deadly threat, unless positively identified as being armed with a gun. Shooting an assailant armed only with a knife at that range may well place you on the wrong side of the law in many states. Recent statistics now prove that an assailant can cover 21 feet in the same amount of time it takes the average defendant to react, draw and fire, rendering the time-honored “7-yard” rule obsolete.

A good practice routine consists of shooting from the "combat stance", strong hand only, weak hand only (twice as much as with strong hand to build strength and accuracy), shooting from behind barricades, kneeling and "strong" positions, double and triple-taps and multiple targets. All practice should be performed on life-sized silhouette targets generally at 30 feet or less distance. Part of your practice schedule should also consist of very close (6-7 feet) rapid response practice. Do not use “Bullseye” type targets. Intruders seldom wear a bullseye on their apparel and you need the practice of shooting for center-mass with no other reference points. Constant practice not only keeps your skills honed, but also ensures the absolute reliability of your weapons.

If you have chosen a shotgun for defense, this is also the time to determine your shotgun's spread rate and point of impact. You will soon find that the spread of shot is much less than you may have imagined. Accuracy is still essential even with a shotgun. Cycling of pump shotguns should be practiced from awkward positions to train yourself to always obtain a complete stroke, preventing the possibility of "short" stroking and its resulting jams. Practice creates muscle memory that will help prevent physical malfunctions in the heat of emergencies.

This is also a good time for a serious reality check on what is considered good accuracy for defensive applications. Target shooters are obsessed with putting every bullet into a little black X-ring that is about the size of a nickel. In reality, the defense firearm needs only to be able to reliably place rounds into an area roughly 8 inches wide by 11 inches tall – the vital zone on the average person – at any given distance. That is the size of an ordinary page of copy paper. While tidy little 1” to 2” groups are impressive and satisfying, they bear no relation to what actually happens under the stress of an actual firearm-involved confrontation. Holding for center-of-mass, as you should, any shot that lands within 4” to 5” of that aiming point is a success.

For those who choose a handgun for defense it makes a lot of sense to try to find a .22 LR version that matches the style and feel of your chosen weapon. This makes practice much cheaper (though time should still be spent with your actual defensive weapon) and, in many cases, less wearing on the shooter. Keeping the cost down while making practice more fun makes a person much more proficient and does a remarkable job of training muscle memory.

Another option when range time is not practical is “dry firing”. Today’s centerfire firearms can easily withstand firing with no cartridge being chambered without damage. Placing a small target on your wall and practicing bringing the firearm up and firing on a regular basis will do a remarkable job of developing that all important muscle memory. Just make sure that the firearm in question is completely empty but always treat it as loaded.

 "Lawyer Proofing"

In today's litigious climate, the very real threat of lawyers and/or prosecutors critiquing any defensive action to your detriment needs to be considered. The best defense against these legal actions is proper preparations.

Know your laws. Quite a few states have what are referred to as “stand your ground” or “Castle Doctrine” laws that place you under no obligation to flee an assailant and, at least in theory, relieve you of the legal burden of having used lethal force to protect yourself. Many other states have an “obligation to flee” law that requires the homeowner faced with an intruder or attacker, armed or otherwise, to make every attempt to flee before taking lethal action. Without getting into the utter insanity inherent in such laws, it is vital to your well-being, and even freedom, to make sure you know the law. Taking into consideration that the danger zone when dealing with an assailant armed with a firearm is greater than when confronting one carrying a knife or club, there can be no clear cut definition of the legal distance where lethal force is acceptable.

Keep your firearm as close to "factory original" as possible. Do not try for super-light triggers or radical home gunsmithing. This only gives the lawyers the opportunity to portray you as a lunatic looking for an excuse to shoot someone. After-market sights and grips are acceptable and can reasonably be explained as the act of a conscientious gun owner wanting full control over the weapon.

Use only factory ammunition. A well-known firearms editor claims this is a non-issue and that ballistics can’t prove the use of handloaded ammo. What if the prosecutor or even arresting officer asks. Are you going to lie and then be proved wrong? Say goodbye to your freedom. Handloads are certain to be described in court as some magical concoction of death and destruction assembled in the dark of the moon complete with satanic rites and mystic spells in order to create a vicious force of destruction only rivaled by the atomic bomb. Remember; facts need not apply when dealing with lawyers. When using a shotgun for defense, standard field loads should be used rather than specialty "defense" loads. Even standard field loads are devastating in their performance at defensive ranges, are less likely to cause collateral damage and can easily be demonstrated to be more commonly used by the homeowner for hunting than for defense.
  
Never have your finger on the trigger until you are ready to fire. I know this is only proper firearm handling basics but can be forgotten in the stress of the situation. Suddenly confronting an intruder with your finger on the trigger may result in an involuntary reaction that can prove disastrous if you find that shadowy figure is actually a family member. D/A only semi-autos and revolvers can help lessen the chance of this scenario since the additional effort required to pull the trigger can help prevent accidental firing while also adding to the "lawyer proofing" of the weapon itself. This is also the reason that many police departments have transitioned to D/A only revolvers and semi-autos for their personnel.

Choose a weapon that is “idiot proof”. I’m not casting aspersions on the reader’s skill level or intelligence. I mean keep it as simple as possible. Stress factors are bad enough without having to remember a dozen moves and manipulations to make the weapon work. Keep it simple.

Safety in the Home

It should go without saying that households with children should keep the defensive weapon and ammunition out of reach. Trigger locks slow the process of getting the weapon into action and defeat the intended purpose. Firearms kept in coded gun safes are a good choice but again are slow to acquire. The often-recommended (by fools) practice of keeping the gun and its ammunition in separate places takes the idea of a readily available defensive weapon out of the picture entirely. A great deal of thought needs to go into a storage place that offers instant accessibility to you but denies it to children.

An "intruder drill" should be instituted and practiced with all members of the family. It is essential that all family members understand exactly what their roles are to be in the event of a home invasion. A predetermined code signal should be agreed upon to indicate action on the part of all family members. Children should be instructed to immediately hide under beds, in closets or other places of safety. Spouses should clearly understand what their role should entail and act accordingly. No one should deviate from the pre-set plan until a second code signal is used. This practice ensures that no innocent family member accidentally wanders into the unfolding situation to be injured, killed or taken hostage to be an additional factor in decision-making.

Particularly in those states whose laws mandate flight as a first resort, make sure all family members know their roles and routes for escape. Just as in fire drills, an assembly area must be designated that is both safe and easily defended in case of pursuit. The area should be carefully chosen to offer safety and communication with authorities and not be an isolated spot that could become a trap.

Any reasonable person will go to great lengths to avoid using deadly force until all such options are exhausted. In the end, home defense revolves around proper preparation, planning, selection and practice...........practice for the unthinkable while praying that it never occurs.

Be safe,

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